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5 The Association of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation with Neurocognition in a Diverse Cohort of Middle- and Older-Aged Persons Living with and Without HIV
- Lily Kamalyan, Marta Jankowska, Anya Umlauf, Martha E Perez, Alonzo Mendoza, Lina Scandalis, Donald R Franklin, Matthew Allison, Igor Grant, Mariana Cherner, Maria J Marquine
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- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 685-687
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Objective:
Due to decades of structural and institutional racism, minoritized individuals in the US are more likely to live in low socioeconomic neighborhoods, which may underlie the observed greater risk for neurocognitive impairment as they age. However, these relationships have not been examined among people aging with HIV. To investigate neurocognitive disparities among middle- and older-aged Latino and non-Latino White people living with HIV (PWH), and whether neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation may partially mediate these relationships.
Participants and Methods:Participants were 372 adults ages 40-85 living in southern California, including 186 Latinos (94 PWH, 92 without HIV) and 186 non-Latino (NL) Whites (94 PWH, 92 without HIV) age-matched to the Latino group (for the overall cohort: Age M=57.0, SD=9.1, Education: M=12.7, SD=3.9, 38% female; for the group of PWH: 66% AIDS, 88% on antiretroviral therapy [ART]; 98% undetectable plasma RNA [among those on ART]). Participants completed psychiatric and neuromedical evaluations and neuropsychological tests of verbal fluency, learning and memory in person or remotely. Neuropsychological results were converted to demographically-unadjusted global scaled scores for our primary outcome. A neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation variable (SESDep) was generated for census tracts in San Diego County using American Community Survey 2013-2017 data. Principal components analysis was used to create one measure using nine variables comprising educational (% with high school diploma), occupational (% unemployed), economic (rent to income ratio, % in poverty, (% female-headed households with dependent children, % with no car, % on public assistance), and housing (% rented housing, % crowded rooms) factors. Census tract SESDep values were averaged for a 1km radius buffer around participants’ home addresses.
Results:Univariable analyses (independent samples t-tests and Chi-square tests) indicated Latinos were more likely to be female and had fewer years of formal education than NL-Whites (ps<.05). Latino PWH had higher nadir CD4 than White PWH (p=.02). Separate multivariable regression models in the overall sample, controlling for demographics and HIV status, showed Latinos had significantly lower global scaled scores than Whites (b=-0.59; 95%CI-1.13, -0.06; p=.03) and lived in more deprived neighborhoods (b=0.62; 95%CI=0.36, 0.88; p<.001). More SES deprivation was significant associated with worse global neurocognition in an unadjusted linear regression (b=-0.55; 95%CI=-0.82, -0.28; p<.001), but similar analyses controlling for demographics and HIV status, showed SESDep was not significantly related to global scaled scores (b=-0.11; 95%CI= -0.36, 0.14; p=.40). Exploratory analyses examined primary language (i.e., English vs Spanish) as a marker of Hispanic heterogeneity and its association with neurocognition and SESDep. Controlling for demographics and HIV status, both English-speaking (b=0.33; 95%CI=0.01. 0.64; p=.04) and Spanish-speaking Latinos (b=0.88; 95%CI=0.58, 1.18; p<.001) lived in significantly greater SESDep neighborhoods than Whites, with SESDep greater for Spanish-speakers than English-speakers (p<.001). However, only English-speaking Latinos had significantly lower neurocognition than Whites (b=-0.91; 95%CI=0-1.57, -0.26; p<.01; Spanish-speakers: b=-0.27; 95%CI=-0.93, 0.38; p=.41).
Conclusions:Among our sample of diverse older adults living with and without HIV, English-speaking Latinos showed worse neurocognition than Whites. Though SES neighborhood deprivation was worse among Latinos (particularly Spanish-speakers) it was not associated with neurocognitive scores after adjusting for demographics. Further studies investigating other neighborhood characteristics and more nuanced markers of Hispanic heterogeneity (e.g., acculturation) are warranted to understand factors underlying aging and HIV-related neurocognitive disparities among diverse older adults.
OP44 Exploring The Disconnect In Relevant Outcomes For Health Technology Assessment-Related Economic Evaluation Relative To Care Commissioning: Implications For Resource Allocation
- Matthew Franklin, Sebastian Hinde, Rachael Hunter, Gerry Richardson, William Whittaker
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- International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care / Volume 39 / Issue S1 / December 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 December 2023, pp. S11-S12
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Introduction
Outcome-based commissioning – a set of arrangements to define and pay for a service based on pre-agreed outcomes – has been operationalized in some regional care settings (e.g., adult social care). However, it remains largely aspirational due to operational considerations and challenges. Outcomes-based commissioning shares a common goal with economic evaluation alongside health technology appraisal (HTA): to achieve value for money for outcomes from a finite budget.
MethodsWe explored the considerations, implications, and challenges regarding the practical role of relevant outcomes in economic evaluation, relative to care commissioning, using England as a case study. Our exploration bridges a gap between economic evaluation evidence and practical resource allocation decision-making, focusing on conceptual (e.g., what are ‘relevant’ outcomes), practical considerations (e.g., quantifying and using relevant endpoints or surrogate outcomes alongside costs), and pertinent issues when linking these to commissioning based payment mechanisms.
ResultsFirstly, there is a disconnect between existing economic evaluation approaches and commissioning processes. For example, using a single quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) maximum and limited consideration of affordability relative to cost effectiveness. Secondly, service-focused outcomes (e.g., seeing a specialist team) rather than person-focused outcomes (e.g., QALYs) are often desirable from a practical commissioning and service provider perspective as they make it easier to measure key performance indicators. Thirdly, both person- and service-focused payment structures could lead to market inefficiencies when activity is focused on only people for whom a prespecified outcome can be achieved or service delivered; these approaches require additional efficiency-equity tradeoff considerations (e.g., using distributional cost-effectiveness analyses).
ConclusionsWe highlight payment structures as a major and complex consideration for commissioning, for which economic evaluation provides little to no consideration. Service-related outcomes and payments can be used as surrogate outcomes within economic modeling frameworks, while monitoring and evaluation can still be based on economic outcomes (e.g., QALYs and aggregated costs). Accounting for and explaining direct links from payment structures to economic outcomes is a major step to bridging a gap between economic evaluation evidence and practical resource allocation.
OP41 Facilitating Dialogue Of Real-World Evidence Use In Health Technology Assessment: Taxonomy Of Question/Data Source Pairings To Support A Registry Of Studies
- Ron L Akehurst, Linda A Murphy, Jorge Mestre-Ferrandiz, Oriol Solà-Morales, Gérard de Pouvourville, David Cunningham, Sorcha Corry, Matthew Franklin, Ann-Marie Chapman
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- Journal:
- International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care / Volume 38 / Issue S1 / December 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 December 2022, pp. S16-S17
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Introduction
This paper reports the results of the collaboration within the European initiative of new Reimbursement and aCCess Approaches (EUreccA) which is concerned with the use of real-world evidence (RWE) in health technology assessment (HTA) decision-making. The work grew from the observation of a large, very experienced group of HTA practitioners which found that the use of RWE varied depending on the type of question asked and the particulars of the data source(s) used. We set out to examine how RWE is used in HTA decision-making and to make proposals on its facilitation.
MethodsLiterature reviews covering earlier reviews of RWE use, academic papers, and HTA agency websites were combined with case studies involving interviews with decision-makers in four countries (England, France, Italy, Sweden) to identify the circumstances of breakdown of RWE use and to build a categorization of the uses of RWE and associated difficulties. This evidence supported the creation of a taxonomy of pairings of data sources and the questions they were used to address. The face validity of the approach was tested at an advisory board of senior HTA practitioners.
ResultsIn total, 27 questions were identified and 10 types of data source, giving 270 pairings. These pairings were linked to relevant methods guidance and to examples of their use, itemizing HTA issues and decisions made. Reports are being prepared for publication, covering the detail of the methods of the literature searches; methods of the country case studies; a description of the taxonomy; and guidance on governance.
ConclusionsWhen using RWE in HTA decision-making, the detail of the particular data sources and question addressed matter. Recently, both the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) and the Real-World Transparency Initiative have argued for a registry of the uses of RWE. The work described here offers a starting classification of the material that should be held in such a registry, and which in itself could be developed by the stakeholders, both agencies and companies, that use it, furthering trust and confidence.
Concurrent validity and reliability of at-home teleneuropsychological evaluations among people with and without HIV
- Maulika Kohli, Arin Fisher, Ni Sun-Suslow, Anne Heaton, Matthew S. Dawson, Jennifer Marquie, Donald R. Franklin, Maria Marquine, Jennifer E. Iudicello, Robert K. Heaton, David J. Moore
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- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue 2 / February 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 December 2022, pp. 193-204
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Objective:
To determine the reliability of teleneuropsychological (TNP) compared to in-person assessments (IPA) in people with HIV (PWH) and without HIV (HIV−).
Methods:Participants included 80 PWH (Mage = 58.7, SDage = 11.0) and 23 HIV− (Mage = 61.9, SDage = 16.7). Participants completed two comprehensive neuropsychological IPA before one TNP during the COVID-19 pandemic (March–December 2020). The neuropsychological tests included: Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R Total and Delayed Recall), Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT; FAS-English or PMR-Spanish), Animal Fluency, Action (Verb) Fluency, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale 3rd Edition (WAIS-III) Symbol Search and Letter Number Sequencing, Stroop Color and Word Test, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (Channel 1), and Boston Naming Test. Total raw scores and sub-scores were used in analyses. In the total sample and by HIV status, test-retest reliability and performance-level differences were evaluated between the two consecutive IPA (i.e., IPA1 and IPA2), and mean in-person scores (IPA-M), and TNP.
Results:There were statistically significant test-retest correlations between IPA1 and IPA2 (r or ρ = .603–.883, ps < .001), and between IPA-M and TNP (r or ρ = .622–.958, ps < .001). In the total sample, significantly lower test-retest scores were found between IPA-M and TNP on the COWAT (PMR), Stroop Color and Word Test, WAIS-III Letter Number Sequencing, and HVLT-R Total Recall (ps < .05). Results were similar in PWH only.
Conclusions:This study demonstrates reliability of TNP in PWH and HIV−. TNP assessments are a promising way to improve access to traditional neuropsychological services and maintain ongoing clinical research studies during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Structural Studies of an Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Cocktail
- Matthew Franklin, Annabel Romero Hernandez, Kei Saotome, Yi Zhou, Alina Baum, Christos Kyratsous, Lawrence Shapiro, Gabriele Cerutti, David Ho
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- Journal:
- Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 27 / Issue S1 / August 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 30 July 2021, pp. 2844-2846
- Print publication:
- August 2021
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5 - Patient Monitoring, Equipment, and Intravenous Fluids
- Edited by Richard D. Urman, Alan David Kaye
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- Moderate and Deep Sedation in Clinical Practice
- Published online:
- 22 November 2017
- Print publication:
- 12 October 2017, pp 61-76
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Geochemical characterization, correlation, and optical dating of tephra in alluvial sequences of central western Argentina
- Phillip S. Toms, Matthew King, Marcelo A. Zárate, Rob A. Kemp, Franklin F. Foit, Jr.
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- Quaternary Research / Volume 62 / Issue 1 / July 2004
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 January 2017, pp. 60-75
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The synthesis of paleoclimatic archives provided by loess and alluvial sequences of central Argentina has been hindered by the lack of a cohesive lithostratigraphic framework extending across the Chaco–Pampean plains and catchments of the Rios Desaguadero, Colorado, and Negro. This condition originates in part from the dearth of absolute chronological controls. The occurrence of discrete tephra layers across this region may provide an opportunity to address this deficiency if a tephrochronological framework can be established. The potential of such a project is assessed within the context of a pilot study constrained within alluvial sequences of central western Argentina proximal to potential source vents in the Southern Volcanic Zone. The intersite discrimination and correlation of tephra layers on a geochemical basis is examined, with indirect chronological control for the eruption of each generated by optical dating. Alluvial sediments on either side of each of five tephra units at a type site were dated using the optically stimulated luminescence of fine-silt-sized quartz, thus providing an age control on each tephra (ca. 24,000, 30,000, 32,000, 39,000, and 48,000 yr). The geochemical composition of each tephra was derived. Using these data, tephra layers at other sites in the study area were geochemically analyzed and in instances of statistical concordance in major oxide structure, correlated to the type site and therefore ascribed ages. This methodology identified a further sixth volcanic event between ca. 24,000 and 30,000 yr not registered by type-site tephras. The extension of this initial tephrochronological framework beyond the alluvial sequences of central western Argentina is encouraged by the occurrence of geochemically distinct tephra verified and dated in this study.
Identification of Disseminated Trego Hot Springs Tephra in the Palouse, Washington State
- Matthew King, Alan J. Busacca, Franklin F. Foit, Jr., Rob A. Kemp
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- Quaternary Research / Volume 56 / Issue 2 / September 2001
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 January 2017, pp. 165-169
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Tephra layers form important chronostratigraphic marker horizons within the Wisconsinan loess-paleosol stratigraphy of the Palouse, Washington State. This paper details the presence of disseminated glass shards of the Trego Hot Springs tephra that has not previously been recognized within the Palouse or environs. The tephra provides additional chronological control for the regional Late Wisconsinan stratigraphy and raises the possibility of correlating the paleoclimatic proxy record contained within the Palouse to those of lake sequences in Oregon, California, and Nevada.
Contributors
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- By Christer Allgulander, David S. Baldwin, Neeltje M. Batelaan, Hany Bissada, Carlos Blanco, Laura B. Bragdon, Angus Brown, Martin Brown, Darren Cotterell, John M. Davis, Jamie M. Dupuy, Naomi A. Fineberg, Martine F. Flament, John R. Geddes, Stephan Heres, Jeffrey Huffman, Jonathan C. Ipser, Werner Kissling, Christopher J. Kratochvil, Stefan Leucht, Michael R. Liebowitz, John S. March, Andrew A. Nierenberg, Michael J. Ostacher, Ilenia Pampaloni, Roy H. Perlis, Luis H. Ripoll, Franklin R. Schneier, Larry J. Siever, Wendy Spettigue, Dan J. Stein, Matthew J. Taylor, Joseph Triebwasser, Anton J. L. M. Van Balkom, Wim van den Brink, Brigette S. Vaughan, Sarah Waldman
- Edited by Dan Stein, University of Cape Town, Bernard Lerer, Stephen M. Stahl, University of California, San Diego
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- Essential Evidence-Based Psychopharmacology
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
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- 05 July 2012, pp vi-vii
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Contributors
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- By Avishek Adhikari, Susanne E. Ahmari, Anne Marie Albano, Carlos Blanco, Desiree K. Caban, Jonathan S. Comer, Jeremy D. Coplan, Ana Alicia De La Cruz, Emily R. Doherty, Bruce Dohrenwend, Amit Etkin, Brian A. Fallon, Michael B. First, Abby J. Fyer, Angela Ghesquiere, Jay A. Gingrich, Robert A. Glick, Joshua A. Gordon, Ethan E. Gorenstein, Marco A. Grados, James P. Hambrick, James Hanks, Kelli Jane K. Harding, Richard G. Heimberg, Rene Hen, Devon E. Hinton, Myron A. Hofer, Matthew J. Kaplowitz, Sharaf S. Khan, Donald F. Klein, Karestan C. Koenen, E. David Leonardo, Roberto Lewis-Fernández, Jeffrey A. Lieberman, Michael R. Liebowitz, Sarah H. Lisanby, Antonio Mantovani, John C. Markowitz, Patrick J. McGrath, Caitlin McOmish, Jeffrey M. Miller, Jan Mohlman, Elizabeth Sagurton Mulhare, Philip R. Muskin, Navin Arun Natarajan, Yuval Neria, Nicole R. Nugent, Mayumi Okuda, Mark Olfson, Laszlo A. Papp, Sapana R. Patel, Anthony Pinto, Kristin Pontoski, Jesse W. Richardson-Jones, Carolyn I. Rodriguez, Steven P. Roose, Moira A. Rynn, Franklin Schneier, M. Katherine Shear, Ranjeeb Shrestha, Helen Blair Simpson, Smit S. Sinha, Natalia Skritskaya, Jami Socha, Eun Jung Suh, Gregory M. Sullivan, Anthony J. Tranguch, Hilary B. Vidair, Tor D. Wager, Myrna M Weissman, Noelia V. Weisstaub
- Edited by Helen Blair Simpson, Columbia University, New York, Yuval Neria, Columbia University, New York, Roberto Lewis-Fernández, Columbia University, New York, Franklin Schneier, Columbia University, New York
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- Book:
- Anxiety Disorders
- Published online:
- 10 November 2010
- Print publication:
- 26 August 2010, pp vii-xii
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Diving behaviour of two Australian bimodally respiring turtles, Rheodytes leukops and Emydura macquarii, in a natural setting
- Matthew Gordos, Craig E. Franklin
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- Journal:
- Journal of Zoology / Volume 258 / Issue 3 / November 2002
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 October 2002, pp. 335-342
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- November 2002
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Time-depth recorders were used to investigate the diving performance and behaviour of two bimodally respiring turtle species, Rheodytes leukops and Emydura macquarii, known to have a high and low reliance on aquatic respiration, respectively. Significant differences in diving performance between R. leukops and E. macquarii were observed in the number of dives/day (39.3±5.38 vs 112.2±11.73 dives/day; mean±se), mean dive length (33.1±7.33 min vs 9.6±2.26 min) and maximum dive length (623±104.74 min vs 67.1±8.14 min), respectively. Differences in diving performance between R. leukops and E. macquarii are attributed to the species' reliance (or lack thereof) upon aquatic respiration. Rheodytes leukops displayed a weak bimodal pattern of increased surfacing frequency in the early morning (05:00–07:00) and late afternoon (14:00–18:00), while E. macquarii displayed a strong bimodal pattern of elevated surfacing frequency over similar time periods. Daily patterns of increased surfacing frequency for both species failed to correlate with fluctuating aquatic Po2 levels or water temperature, and may instead be explained by the heightened activity levels of both species during twilight.
The Undoing of Winston Churchill: Mobilization and Conversion in the 1945 Realignment of British Voters
- Mark Franklin, Matthew Ladner
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Political Science / Volume 25 / Issue 4 / October 1995
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 January 2009, pp. 429-452
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- October 1995
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We explore the reasons for the unexpected defeat of Winston Churchill's Conservatives by Labour in the British general election of 1945. Was the outcome a result of Churchill's election campaign errors, as many have supposed, or did the coming-of-age of a new political generation make it a foregone conclusion? Much controversy in the partisanship literature centres on whether electoral realignments result primarily from conversion of existing voters or from mobilization of previously non-voting individuals. In particular, the 1930s US realignment has been the focus of considerable debate. In this article we shed new light on realignment processes by examining the 1945 British realignment that brought the Labour party to power. We find that, in this more straightforward case, the critical impetus came from new voters rather than from converts. Our findings raise questions that need to be confronted in the analysis of other realignments, such as that accompanying the American New Deal. They also shed new light on a much-interpreted episode in British electoral history.